On August 29, 2016, the Canadian Cancer Survivor Network made a submission to the Task Force on Marijuana Legalization and Regulation. The text of our submission follows.
The Canadian Cancer Survivor Network (CCSN) is a
charitable organization of cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, families,
friends, community partners and sponsors who work together to take action to
promote the very best standard of care, support follow up and quality of life
for patients and survivors.
CCSN works to ensure that patients and survivors can
easily access tools to understand decision-making processes for positive change
on issues critical to optimal patient care; that they are supported to make a
difference through working with others to take action on those issues; that they
are able to obtain current knowledge about cancer diagnosis, treatment, options
and outcomes and are able to work together to end disparities in patient care
and treatment.
CCSN and medical marijuana
When the Mahihuana
for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) was introduced, CCSN became
concerned about patients’ access to marijuana. From that time, CCSN has created
resources to provide patients with up-to-date information and educational tools
to enable them to understand the swiftly shifting environment.
Currently, CCSN provides information and educational
activities on access to medical marijuana through a Medical Cannabis section on
its website (http://survivornet.ca/en/cancer_basics)
as well as providing updates on medical marijuana as part of its Promoting Cancer Patient Engagement through
Educational Webinars series.
Medical users of marijuana
There are several issues related to the medical use of
marijuana that are unique and that are of concern to CCSN.
Stigma as an illegal drug
The illegality and subsequent stigma attached to
marijuana has influenced how Canadians think about medical marijuana, including
those people who may benefit from medical cannabis products. This poses an
access impediment to individuals who may benefit from medical cannabis products
but who are reluctant to raise the issue with their health care provider (HCP),
ask for a prescription from their family doctor or other HCP, or fear
recriminations from family members.
An additional stigma can occur if patients are required
to smoke marijuana, given that smoking itself has rightfully acquired strong
stigmatization of its own. CCSN believes that medical marijuana should be
available in many forms so that patients can choose the format that best fits
them and to which their illness responds.
Lack of research and clinical trials
Medical cannabis is unique in Canada in that it has not
gone through the rigorous health technology assessment (HTA) that all other
drugs do through the pan-Canadian Oncology Review (pCODR) for oncology drugs or
the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) followed by
provincial/territory consideration and approval. The result is that there is a
lack of research not only on the effects of medical marijuana but also on the
quite different products, given that marijuana itself contains “…hundreds of
chemical substances, among which are over 100 known as ‘cannabinoids’.”[i]
Although research on the safety and efficacy of medical
marijuana is being conducted, there are still many unanswered questions which
often make it difficult for HCPs to prescribe medical cannabis and for patients
to be certain that they are deriving therapeutic benefits from it.
Healthcare professionals lack of knowledge about
medical marijuana
As mentioned above, the lack of evidence of therapeutic
benefits from medical cannabis and their lack of knowledge about appropriate
strains and doses has inhibited many HCPs from prescribing medical cannabis,
and patients themselves lack knowledge of the different types of medical
cannabis being produced in Canada today. HCPs are neither informed nor educated
about medical marijuana strains being developed to treat various medical
conditions.
CCSN is concerned that many patients who may benefit from
medical marijuana are not able to find doctors or other HCPs willing or able to
prescribe it, even those HCPs working in areas where there is strong anecdotal
evidence and some clinical evidence that medical cannabis has therapeutic
value, like oncologists, rheumatologists, orthopedists and HCPs who treat
epilepsy as well as family doctors and general practitioners.
Patients lack of knowledge about medical marijuana and
continuing access issues
Since there has been a lot of media attention paid to
both medical and recreational marijuana in recent years, CCSN is concerned that
many individuals who might benefit from medical marijuana are not able to
access it legally, and will therefore attempt to access marijuana illegally and
use it for medical purposes. This possibility is enhanced when patients are not
able to obtain prescriptions from their HCPs. In this situation, patients are
in a hit-and-miss situation, given that they have no knowledge of or control
over the THC level in the illegal marijuana they have access and the impurities
that it may contain.
In addition, medical marijuana users who were growing
their own may still have difficulties with the cost of buying from licenced
producers and therefore turn to the illegal market. As mentioned above, this
leads to lack of control of the THC level in illegal marijuana and the dangers
of impurities it may contain. A medical cannabis production and distribution
system must be able to offer not only quality but a pricing system that enables
and encourages medical marijuana users to buy the product legally. Canadians
who choose to grow their own medical cannabis must have a clear path to
inexpensive, regular testing of their product so that they know that it is safe
and effective to use. CCSN believes that patients should have access to medical
marijuana through a variety of distribution sources.
Medical cannabis in a legalized marijuana landscape
The Canadian Cancer Survivor Network strongly supports a
separate regime for users of medical marijuana.
The reasons for this recommendation include:
·
The mandates and uses for recreational cannabis
and medical cannabis are quite different.
o The
legalization of recreational cannabis will provide legal access to cannabis
while safeguarding product quality and control over distribution, ensuring the
safety of youth by limiting access, and establishing pricing to discourage
illegal use.
o Access
to medical cannabis is already a constitutional right. Establishing a separate
regime for medical marijuana will recognize and validate that the reasons for
medical access are indeed different:
§ Medical
marijuana access is dependent on a prescription from a healthcare professional
for treatment of a specific illness or symptoms.
§ A separate system would bolster the argument that medical marijuana sales should be zero-rated as are other medical devices and treatments.
§ It would leave the door open for third party coverage of medical marijuana through government formularies and insurance benefits.
§ It would encourage research on medical uses.
§ It would recognize that in some cases, minors benefit from medical marijuana (e.g., treatment-resistant epilepsy in children).
§ It would encourage pricing that would provide access to all patients without anyone utilizing the illegal market.
§ A separate system would bolster the argument that medical marijuana sales should be zero-rated as are other medical devices and treatments.
§ It would leave the door open for third party coverage of medical marijuana through government formularies and insurance benefits.
§ It would encourage research on medical uses.
§ It would recognize that in some cases, minors benefit from medical marijuana (e.g., treatment-resistant epilepsy in children).
§ It would encourage pricing that would provide access to all patients without anyone utilizing the illegal market.
For additional information, please contact:
Jackie Manthorne
President & CEO
Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
1750 Courtwood Crescent, Suite 210
Ottawa, ON K2X 2B5
613-898-1871
Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
1750 Courtwood Crescent, Suite 210
Ottawa, ON K2X 2B5
613-898-1871
jmanthorne@survivornet.ca
[i]
Toward the Legalization, Regulation and Restriction of Access to Marijuana
Discussion Paper, 2016.
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